SAN FRANCISCO — It is inevitable now that when a big tech company makes a significant, strategic decision — like Microsoft’s plan to spend $70 billion on the video game giant Activision Blizzard — it invokes the metaverse.
The vision for the metaverse, a virtual world where ideas can be exchanged and digital goods can be sold, has become such a font of enthusiasm that Facebook changed its name to Meta last year. Plenty of other companies envision making billions in this virtual bazaar. So when Microsoft said on Tuesday that Activision would give it “building blocks for the metaverse,” the rationale sounded familiar.
But it wasn’t exactly correct. To Microsoft, the future of video games looks more like a Hollywood studio trying to build a roster of well-known franchises. It’s about assembling a collection of famous games that can be played on all sorts of devices — and the people who know how to make them. Activision, with famous titles like Call of Duty and Candy Crush and more than 5,000 game developers, has plenty of both.
In recent years, Microsoft hasshifted its focus from its Xbox console to a gaming environment wherehigh-powered devices matter less than the flexibility to play games wherever and however consumers want, whether on an old iPhone or a cheap laptop. If the company’s vision of the future is correct, cloud gaming, a still-emerging technology that uses a company’s data centers to stream the game to a device, would provide the power instead.
In such a world, companies would have to distinguish themselves by their content and their ability to offer cheap games across devices — Microsoft has pioneered a $10-a-month Netflix-style video game subscription service — rather than by the quality and brand appeal of their hardware. That strikes a contrast with the rival console makers Sony and Nintendo, which are mostly still following traditional models.
And now, by snatching up a new portfolio of studios, Microsoft is ensuring thatmillions of Activision’s players will come under its increasingly giant gaming umbrella.
Activision helps Microsoft broaden its influence over players who like shooter games like Call of Duty, those who participate in competitive video gaming leagues devoted to games like Overwatch and Hearthstone, and the massive audience of mobile gamers, particularly in Asia.
Microsoft does not have a robust mobile gaming offering, but a crown jewel of Activision is the mobile game maker King, which recorded about $1 billion in operating profit in the last year. Notably, it makes Candy Crush, the matching phone game with vibrant colors and loud sound effects that, according to the mobile research firm SensorTower, has generated $7.1 billion in player spending since 2014.
Most important, Activision deepens the appeal of Xbox Game Pass, the subscription service that has forced the gaming industry to rethink how it can best make money. While many fans of games produced by Sony still pay for each game individually, Game Pass subscribers pay a flat fee of $10 or $15 per month in exchange for access to hundreds of titles — which will now include some of Activision’s biggest games.
It’s no accident that Microsoft’s announcement of the Activision purchase included news about a Game Pass milestone: 25 million subscribers.
Microsoft is still making a risky bet. It is asking gamers to follow its vision, unplug from consoles and use newer, often-buggy tools to stream games directly to older devices, rather than stick with the tried-and-true system and buy a sleek new PlayStation 5 from Sony. Apple has barred such gaming services from its iPhones. Given the uncertainty, it doesn’t hurt to have the appeal of Activision’s studios to offer as a reward for sticking with games played through Microsoft.
Asking how Call of Duty fits into Microsoft’s vision is like asking “how does ‘Friends’ fit into Netflix,” said Michael Pachter, a gaming analyst with Wedbush Securities. “Content’s important — Netflix wouldn’t exist without content to stream.”
Even more important is exclusive content. Sony has long offered highly sought-after games like the Last of Us and Spider-Man only to PlayStation owners. Microsoft, if it wants, could now do the same with its new titles, requiring gamers to subscribe to Game Pass or be a part of the Xbox ecosystem for access to the latest Call of Duty.
“For kids and casual players, that’s huge,” said Jared Neelley, 28, who streams Call of Duty: Warzone to 63,000 followers on the streaming service Twitch.
Microsoft has preached its vision of a device-agnostic future as a way of breaking down barriers. Phil Spencer, Microsoft’s chief executive of gaming, said in an interview Tuesday that the company’s goal was to allow the new Activision titles “to reach as many players as possible.”
But Microsoft may be trying to have it both ways. It did not rule out walling off any of its newly acquired titles on Tuesday, and after buying ZeniMax Media and its slate of studios in 2020 for $7.5 billion, it said an eagerly anticipated game, Starfield, would be exclusive to Xbox.
Mr. Pachter said even the possibility of such a move could lessen the appeal of Sony’s hardware.
“If you were going out to buy your kid a console this weekend, and your kid only plays Call of Duty, would you buy them a PlayStation 5?” he asked. “I wouldn’t.”
What Is the Metaverse, and Why Does It Matter?
The origins. The word “metaverse” describes a fully realized digital world that exists beyond the one in which we live. It was coined by Neal Stephenson in his 1992 novel “Snow Crash,” and the concept was further explored by Ernest Cline in his novel “Ready Player One.”
An expanding universe. The metaverse appears to have gained momentum during the online-everything shift of the pandemic. The term today refers to a variety of experiences, environments and assets that exist in the virtual space.
Some examples. Video games in which players can build their own worlds have metaverse tendencies, as does most social media. If you own a non-fungible token, virtual-reality headset or some cryptocurrency, you’re also part of the metaversal experience.
How big Tech is shifting. Facebook staked its claim to the metaverse last year, after shipping 10 million of its virtual-reality headsets and announcing it had renamed itself Meta. Google, Microsoft and Apple have all been working on metaverse-related technology.
The future. Many people in tech believe the metaverse will herald an era in which our virtual lives will play as important a role as our physical realities. Some experts warn that it could still turn out to be a fad or even dangerous.
The additions could put pressure on Sony to make a similar move, but Sony is a far smaller company with less cash to spend.
“It’s going to make PlayStation look at its options, and I’m not sure PlayStation has the opportunity to respond,” said Rami Ismail, an independent game developer.
The scale of the deal could prompt antitrust concerns from Washington, and Mr. Pachter suggested that federal regulators might seek assurances from Microsoft that it would allow non-Xbox players to continue enjoying Activision’s games.
Microsoft will face other concerns. Activision has been reeling for months over accusations of sexual harassment and discrimination in the workplace, stemming from a lawsuit last summer brought by a California employment agency. Its workers have walked out on the job and called for a union.
Even as it looks to distance itself from Sony, Microsoft’s acquisition could also strengthen its position relative to other tech giants with deep pockets — like Amazon, Tencent and Google — that have signaled their intentions to invest more in the lucrative gaming business.
Joost van Dreunen, a gaming investor, adviser and New York University professor who studies the business of video games, said buying Activision was “part defensive” because “you make it so the others can’t have it.”
“They raise the bar regarding the cost of acquisition,” he added. “If you want to be at the table, you better bring your wallet.”
Despite Microsoft’s initial hyping of the deal as a foray into the metaverse, it’s not clear how owning more shooter, role-playing and strategy video games helps Microsoft arrive there. Mr. Spencer and Bobby Kotick, the embattled chief executive of Activision, offered a more sober explanation in interviews.
Mr. Kotick said the goal was to ensure that “on the devices that people play games on today, whether they’re phones or consoles or computers or other screens with microprocessors, that we are delivering the most engaging, the most compelling, the very best games.”
Ultimately, gaming may well end up being what popularizes the metaverse. Daniel Ahmad, a senior analyst at the gaming research firm Niko Partners, said Activision regularly evolved games like Call of Duty, updating them with new content and interacting with the community of players. That, he said, could be “a piece of the puzzle for building out these metaverse experiences.”
But such ideas are still quite far away.
Erin Woo and Karen Weise contributed reporting.
